The study of control and communication in animals and machines, named by Norbert Wiener in 1948 and built on the idea of feedback loops. It shaped early computer art and the 1968 London exhibition Cybernetic Serendipity.
Originally, this all goes back to cybernetics, the study of feedback in a nonlinear system, which leads to deterministic but unpredictable events.
DEAFBEEF, DEAFBEEF on (Im)permanence
HEXEN 2.0 analyzed the legacy of cybernetics as embodied in Web 2.0 and systems of control, showing how Web 2.0 works as a societal controlling system.
Suzanne Treister, Suzanne Treister on Critical Futurism