Japan

I think this dematerialization started actually in the '50s with the Gutai movement in Japan, but I think it really starts in earnest and gets more globally popular around 1961 with New Tendencies and the beginning of Fluxus.

Peter Bauman, Michael Spalter on 1960s Computer Art

The tradition is different in Asia, with zaibatsu in Japan or chaebol in Korea. For complex historical reasons, the megacorporations seemed to have evolved into a very different form in Asia.

Lawrence Lek, Lawrence Lek on AI Reinventing Place