The study and making of lifelike systems in software, hardware or chemistry, named by Chris Langton in 1987. Artists such as Karl Sims, Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneau built evolving virtual creatures.
The 1990s were a huge surge in artificial life.
Casey Reas, 2000s Tooling Era: Casey Reas, Golan Levin, Christiane Paul
What's missing in the way we do evolution in artificial life that prevents us from reaching open-endedness, which would essentially mean that the longer you run, the more complex structures you get.
Alexander Mordvintsev, Karl Sims & Alexander Mordvintsev on Merging Technology and Biology